Excerpts from Hungarian PM Viktor Orbán’s speech at
the 30th Bálványos Summer Open University and Student Camp, so called "Tusványos" (27 July 2019, Tusnádfürdő/Băile Tuşnad).
* * *
(…)
We call the first change of
system [of 30 years ago] “liberal transformation”; and we can call the second either an “illiberal”
or a “national” transformation. It may be worth devoting a few sentences to this
distinction. We have rethought the relationship between the community and the
individual, and put it on a new conceptual basis. In a liberal system, society
and nation are nothing but an aggregation of competing individuals. What holds
them together is the Constitution and the market economy. There is no nation – or
if there is, it is only a political nation. Here in parenthesis we should thank
László Sólyom, who during his presidency made a lasting contribution when, in
opposition to the concept of the political nation, he elaborated and clarified
– in a legal and philosophical sense – the concept of a cultural nation. When
there is no nation, there is no community and no community interest. In essence
this is the relationship between the individual and society from a liberal
point of view.
PM Viktor Orbán (center) at Tusnádfürdő, with Hon. Zsolt Németh MP (left) and Rt.Hon. Bishop László Tőkés, former MEP (right) - foto: tusvanyos.ro |
In contrast to this, the illiberal
or national viewpoint states that the nation is a historically and culturally
determined community. It is a historically developed configuration, which
must protect its members and prepare them to stand their ground in the world
for a common cause. According to the liberal view, individual action and who
does what – whether they live a productive or unproductive life – is a purely
private matter, and must not be subject to moral judgment. By contrast, in a
national system, action – individual action – is worthy of praise if it also
benefits the community. This must be interpreted broadly. For example, there
are our gold medal-winning skaters. An outstanding sporting performance is also
an individual performance that benefits the community. If we talk about them, we
don’t say that they have won Olympic gold, but that we have won Olympic gold.
Their individual performances also clearly benefit the community. In an
illiberal or national system, distinguished performance is not a private
matter, but has clearly identifiable forms. Such are self-sufficiency and work,
creating and securing a livelihood. Such are learning and a healthy lifestyle.
Such is paying taxes. Such is starting a family and raising children. And such
is orientation in the matters of the nation and its history, and participation
in national self-reflection. It is such performance that we recognise, rank,
look up to morally and support.
So in terms of the relationship between the individual and society, what
has happened in Hungary [after 2010] is something quite different from what
happened in 1990, when the liberal transformation took place. But similarly to
that transformation, we have put our thinking and culture on a new footing – also
in terms of relations between individuals. To put it simply, but to the point, in
a liberal system the rule is that one has the freedom to do anything, provided
it doesn’t violate the freedom of others. This is the compass of individual
action. In parenthesis, the small problem is the question of exactly what it is
that doesn’t violate the freedom of others. This is something that’s usually
defined by the strongest – but let’s leave that in parenthesis. In contrast to
this, what we have now, or what we’re trying to build, follows another moral
compass. Going back to a known truth, this states that the definition of the
right relationship between two people is not that everyone has the freedom to
do anything which does not violate the freedom of another; the correct definition is that you should not do to others what you
would not want them to do to you. Furthermore, you should do unto others as you
would have them do unto you. This is a different foundational principle.